Impact of the DMA on Self-Preferencing by Digital Gatekeepers

Digital gatekeepers like Alphabet and Apple have exploited their market positions through self-preferencing practices, prompting the EU to introduce the Digital Markets Act (DMA) to ensure fair competition. The DMA specifically addresses practices such as refusal to share essential technologies, product bundling, and margin squeezing, requiring compliance from designated gatekeepers. Initial changes, like Apple's approval of alternative app marketplaces, show positive steps, but the long-term impact on competition remains to be seen.